Meter data management systems, methods, and software with outage management capabilities

ABSTRACT

The present inventors recognized a need to leverage the data from Advanced Metering Systems (AMIs) in the management of electrical outages. To address this and/or other needs, they present inventors devised, among other things, systems, methods, and software that not only intelligently filter and communicate AMI outage data to Outage Management Systems (OMSs), but also facilitate communications between OMSs and multiple types of AMI systems. One exemplary system includes an outage management module that receives AMI outage data in the form of “last gasp” messages from meters and determines whether the OMS is already aware of a power outage associated with those meters. If the OMS is already aware of an outage associated with these meters, the outage management module excludes the outage reports from its communications with the OMS, thereby preserving its capacity to handle new outage information and overcoming a significant obstacle to using AMI data within OMSs.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation application of and claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/854,168, filed on Aug. 10, 2010 (now U.S. Pat. No. 8,462,014); which application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application 61/273,994, which was filed on Aug. 10, 2009, both of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Additionally, co-pending and co-owned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/496,224, which was filed on Jul. 1, 2009 and which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/059,089 filed on Feb. 7, 2005 (now U.S. Pat. No. 7,557,729) is also incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Co-pending and co-owned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/706,041, which was filed Feb. 16, 2010 is also incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

COPYRIGHT NOTICE AND PERMISSION

A portion of this patent document contains material subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent files or records, but otherwise reserves all copyrights whatsoever. The following notice applies to this document: Copyright © 2009-2010, Ecologic Analytics, LLC.

TECHNICAL FIELD

Various embodiments of the present invention concern advanced metering systems (AMSs), meter data management systems (MDMSs) and outage management systems (OMSs) for electric utility companies.

BACKGROUND

Electric utility companies regularly collect usage data from meters. Over the last few decades, many public utilities have modernized their data collection using automated meter reading (AMR) to reduce the time and expense of collecting this data manually. More recently, technology has evolved to more advanced metering systems, generally referred to as Advanced Meter Infrastructure (AMI) that allows reliable two-way communications with meters and utilities have responded to the dynamic pricing of electricity by shifting from once-a-month meter readings to daily, hourly or even sub-hourly meter readings.

To facilitate the management of the fantastic amounts of data generated from increased read frequency, many utilities are now using meter data management systems (MDMSs), which not only manage and organize the incoming AMI data into a database, but also validate it, fill in missing data, and generally ensure that utilities have sufficiently accurate data to bill their customers. One of the leading providers of MDMSs is Ecologic Analytics of Bloomington, Minn., the employer of the present inventors.

One problem recognized by the present inventors concerns AMI systems and outage management systems (OMSs). An OMS is a computer system used by utility operators to manage the restoration of electrical service in the event of a power outage. These systems typically receive telephone outage reports from customers through a call center and/or Interactive Voice Response (IVR) system, and plot them on a digital map or model of the electrical distribution network. The OMS also includes a rules engine that uses reported outage locations and the network model to determine the source and scope of the outage, and thus provide valuable information for restoring electric power to outage areas.

Although it has been known for some time that AMI systems held the potential to provide outage reports, in the form of “last gasp” messages from meters that had lost power, little if anything at all, has been achieved in actually taking advantage of this possibility. One problem is that AMI systems can generate orders of magnitude more call-equivalent “last gasp” and restore messages in any given time span time than customers can, and OMSs simply lack the capacity to handle this level of input.

Consider for example that AMI meters can report outages at any time of day or night, whereas customers may have long periods of time, such as while away at work or while sleeping, when they are unaware of power outages and thus unlikely to report them. Moreover, even when they are aware, many customers rely on their neighbors to report outages or they simply assume that the utility will already know. In contrast, all the AMI meters affected by an outage would attempt to automatically report the outage almost simultaneously regardless of time of day. Thus, larger outages affecting thousands and or even millions of customers would easily overwhelm a conventional OMS.

Another issue is that larger utilities often have a diverse set of AMI meters and Head End systems from different manufacturers, with those from one manufacturer communicating using proprietary protocols that are distinct from and incompatible with those of another. Conventional OMSs, which rely on phoned-in reports, not only lack a way of communicating with AMIs, but also have no mechanism for optimizing interactions with multiple types of AMI technologies.

Accordingly, the present inventors have recognized a need for bridging the gap between the rich data available in AMIs and the ability of OMSs to actually use it.

SUMMARY

To address this and/or other needs, the present inventors devised, among other things, meter data management systems, methods, and software that not only intelligently filter and communicate AMI outage data to OMSs, but also facilitate communications between OMSs and multiple types of AMI systems. One exemplary MDMS includes an outage management module that receives AMI outage data in the form of “last gasp” messages from meters and determines whether the OMS is already aware of a power outage associated with those meters. If the OMS is already aware of an outage associated with these meters, the outage management module excludes the outage reports from its communications with the OMS, thereby preserving the OMS's capacity to handle new outage information.

Additionally, the outage management module in the exemplary system helps verify restoration of power by intelligently communicating with meters in an AMR system. For example, the exemplary system automatically collects meter data from meters that have been re-energized and instead of contacting these meters in response to requests to verify restoration, the system can generate a verification report based on the data it already has, thereby not only rapidly responding to verification requests, but also reducing communication traffic between the MDMS and the AMR system.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an exemplary utility management system corresponding to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a facsimile of an exemplary graphical user interface for interacting with and accessing data within system 100 and which corresponds to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a flow chart of an exemplary method of operating the system of FIG. 1, corresponding to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a facsimile of an exemplary graphical user interface for configuring an outage management module within system 100 and which corresponds to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a facsimile of an exemplary graphical user interface for further configuring an outage management module within system 100 and which corresponds to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a facsimile of an exemplary graphical user interface for further configuring an outage management module within system 100 and which corresponds to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a configuration option menu.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a regions screen.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example of an outage region screen.

FIG. 10 illustrates an example of an outage mode change screen.

FIG. 11 illustrates an example of an edit region window.

FIG. 12 illustrates an example of a defining modes screen.

FIG. 13 illustrates an example of an outage mode screen.

FIG. 14 illustrates an example of a defining metering systems screen.

FIG. 15 illustrates an example of a defining metering systems screen.

FIG. 16 illustrates an example of an AMI OSN processing screen.

FIG. 17 illustrates an example of a CLX/OSN screen.

FIG. 18 illustrates an example of a default outage parameter screen.

FIG. 19 illustrates an example of a filtering outage parameter screen.

FIG. 20 illustrates an example of an editing mode determination outage parameter screen.

FIG. 21 illustrates an example of a nested outage parameter screen.

FIG. 22 illustrates an example of an OCBD outage parameter screen.

FIG. 23 illustrates an example of an outage scoping and restoration screen.

FIG. 24 illustrates an example of an OVE_RE integration screen.

FIG. 25 illustrates an example of a power status inferencing screen.

FIG. 26 illustrates an example of a restoration scout screen.

FIG. 27 illustrates an example of a metering system level-only parameter screen.

FIG. 28 illustrates an example of a metering system level-only parameter screen.

FIG. 29 illustrates an example of a metering system level-only parameter screen.

FIG. 30 illustrates an example of a metering system level-only parameter screen.

FIG. 31 illustrates an example of a metering system level-only parameter screen.

FIG. 32 illustrates an example of a metering system level-only parameter screen.

FIG. 33 illustrates an example of a region level-only parameter screen.

FIG. 34 illustrates an example of a region level-only parameter screen.

FIG. 35 illustrates an example of a multiple-level parameter screen.

FIG. 36 illustrates an example of a region level-only parameter screen.

FIG. 37 illustrates an example of a region level-only parameter screen.

FIG. 38 illustrates an example of a region level-only parameter screen.

FIG. 39 illustrates an example of a region level-only parameter screen.

FIG. 40 illustrates an example of a copying parameter sets screen.

FIG. 41 illustrates an example of a AMI OSN processing screen.

FIG. 42 illustrates an example of a CLX/OSN outage parameter screen.

FIG. 43 illustrates an example of a default outage parameter screen.

FIG. 45 illustrates an example of a mode determination outage screen.

FIG. 46 illustrates an example of a mode determination rules screen.

FIG. 47 illustrates an example of a system-wide mode determination rules screen.

FIG. 48 illustrates an example of a system-wide mode determination rules screen.

FIG. 49 illustrates an example of a system-wide mode determination rules screen.

FIG. 50 illustrates an example of a system-wide mode determination rules screen.

FIG. 51 illustrates an example of a region-level mode determination rules screen.

FIG. 52 illustrates an example of a region-level mode determination rules screen.

FIG. 53 illustrates an example of a nested outage processing outage parameters screen.

FIG. 54 illustrates an example of an OCBD outage parameter screen.

FIG. 55 illustrates an example of an outage scoping and restoration outage parameter screen.

FIG. 56 illustrates an example of an OVE_RE integration outage parameter screen.

FIG. 57 illustrates an example of a power status inferencing outage parameter screen.

FIG. 58 illustrates an example of a restoration scout outage parameter screen.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENT(S)

This document, which incorporates the drawings and the appended claims, describes one or more specific embodiments of an invention. These embodiments, offered not to limit but only to exemplify and teach the invention, are shown and described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to implement or practice the invention. Thus, where appropriate to avoid obscuring the invention, the description may omit certain information known to those of skill in the art.

Exemplary Definitions

As an aid to the reader, the following exemplary definitions are offered. However, the definitions are not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention. Where there is a conflict between a meaning provided here and the meaning suggested or required by the contextual usage of the term in the description, preference should be given to the meaning suggested by the context.

Term Definition or Explanation AMI Advanced Metering Infrastructure AMI Network Field-deployed components of an AMI that handle communications Equipment between the communication modules of AMI-enabled meters or other end devices and the utility's conventional IT network. Generic names for AMI Network Equipment can include concentrators, repeaters, relays, etc. For purposes of this specification, AMI Network Equipment does not include the communication modules in or attached to the meters and other end devices. Anticipated Anticipated Outages are used by OMM to screen/prevent Outage Status Outage Notification Messages from being sent from OMM to OMS or other utility back office systems. An Anticipated Outage is a superset of the commonly used term Planned Outage. Anticipated Outages encompass not only Planned Outages but also any anticipated event that is likely to interrupt power to one or more service points or to create invalid indications of loss of power to a service point. Such things can include service disconnects for non-pay or other reasons, Service Orders to exchange meters, detection of a faulty meter that is generating spurious Last Gasp messages, etc. Comm State A component of Comm Status. Comm State Quality can be either Quality ‘Confirmed”, “Inferred”, or “Indeterminate” as defined elsewhere in this table. Comm Status The term used to indicate the combination of Comm State and Comm State Quality for an AMI Network Equipment device. Comm Up An Outage Status Notification which indicates that a communications up Message condition has been detected for an AMI Network Equipment device. Confirmed One of three possible values for Energization State Quality and/or Comm State Quality. Confirmed means that a positive indication of the Energization State or Comm State of an End Point, Distribution Transformer, or AMI Network Equipment device has been ascertained by the AMI, MDMS, OMS, or another external system. De-energized One of three possible values for Energization State. De-energized means that a positive indication of loss of voltage from the distribution network for an End Point, Distribution Transformer, or AMI Network Equipment device has been ascertained by the AMI, MDMS, OMS, or another external system. Data With respect to OMM, Data Synchronization refers to the maintenance of Synchronization key relationships among Service Points, Distribution Transformers, AMI Network Equipment, Outage Region Assignments, Source Side Protective Devices, and the like. OMM does not have external interfaces for Data Synchronization; rather the OMM Data Synchronization processes populate OMM-related tables by accessing data already provided to the core MDMS through external interfaces with source of record systems. Distribution Distribution Transformer means a transformer in the utility's distribution Transformer network which supplies power to one or more End Points and/or one or more AMI Network Equipment devices. End Point A generic term used to indicate a Service Point or the device (meter) associated with the Service Point. For purposes of this specification, End Point refers to metered electric Service Points. Energization State A component of Energization Status. The current status of an End Point or AMI Network Equipment device indicating whether voltage from the distribution network is present. Energization State can be either ‘Energized, De-Energized, or “Indeterminate” as defined elsewhere in this table. Energization State A component of Energization Status. Energization State Quality can be Quality either ‘Confirmed”, “Inferred”, or “Indeterminate” as defined elsewhere in this table. Energization The term used to indicate the combination of Energization State and Status Energization State Quality for an End Point, Distribution Transformer, or AMI Network Equipment device. Energized One of three possible values for Energization State. Energized means that a positive indication of the presence of voltage from the distribution network for an End Point, Distribution Transformer, or AMI Network Equipment device has been ascertained by the AMI, MDMS, OMS, or another external system. OMM Outage Management Module—a server application component that is a modular extension of an MDMS, such as the Ecologic Analytics MDMS, that can serve alone or in conjunction with a utility Outage Management System (OMS) to provide intelligent processing and filtering of outage and restoration alarms and related information for the purpose of optimizing the utility's ability to respond to power outage events. OMM includes the capabilities that may be ascribed in the one or more of the incorporated patent applications as OVE/RE. External First First Level Scoping carried out by MDMS (or OMM in some Level Scoping embodiments) in response to an explicit request from OMS or another external application. See also the entry for First Level Scoping. First Level Determination of the Energization Status of a Distribution Transformer by Scoping performing Power Status Checks of all of the AMI-enabled End Points (meters) attached to the Distribution Transformer and then inferring the Energization Status of the Distribution Transformer based upon the Energization Statuses of the End Points. First Level Scoping can be initiated by logic within OMM, in which case it is referred to as Internal First Level Scoping. First Level Scoping can also be carried out by MDMS in response to an explicit request by OMS or another external application. In that case, it would be referred to as External First Level Scoping. For purposes of this specification, references to First Level Scoping in the absence of an External or Internal qualifier shall mean Internal First Level Scoping. GIS Geographic Information System Head-End System The application portion of a Metering System (as defined elsewhere in this table) that communicates on one side with AMI Network Equipment and AMI-enabled End Points and on the other side with enterprise systems such as an MDMS. For purposes of this specification, Head-End Systems provide OMM with Outage Status Notifications and responses to Power Status Checks (pings). Indeterminate Can be used as any of the following: an Energization State, an Energization State Quality, a Comm State, or a Comm State Quality. When used as a state, Indeterminate means that the Energization State of an End Point, Distribution Transformer, or AMI Network Equipment device or the Comm State of an AMI Network Equipment device cannot be reliably ascertained. Any time a state is set to Indeterminate, the corresponding quality is also to be set to Indeterminate and vice versa. Inferred One of three possible values for an Energization State Quality or a Comm State Quality. Inferred means that the Energization State or the Comm State of an End Point, Transformer, or AMI Network Device is being inferred based on the Confirmed states of End Points, Distribution Transformers, and/or AMI Network Equipment devices that are related through network connectivity. Internal First Level First Level Scoping carried out by MDMS response to logic within Scoping OMM. Internal First Level Scoping is can be enabled, disabled, and controlled using OMM configuration parameters. See also the entry for First Level Scoping. Last Gasp Message A common term used to describe the message sent out by an End Point or AMI Network Equipment device when a loss of voltage from the distribution network is detected. Last Gasp Messages signal the transition to a De-Energized Energization State. Metering System The IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) term for a meter data collection system, typically composed of metering devices, a communications network, and a Head-End system that communicates with the metering devices and serves as the point of connection to utility enterprise systems. Many OMM configuration parameters, in the exemplary embodiment, may vary as a function of Metering System, providing the utility with fine-grained control of OMM behavior consistent with the bandwidth and operational characteristics of each Metering System technology. Momentary An outage that is restored within a short (configurable) amount of time, Outage typically a few seconds to a minute or two. Momentary outages are typically associated with recloser operations or with “blinks” due to conditions such as trees coming into momentary contact with power lines. Many utilities wish to be aware of momentary outages but choose not to send them to their OMS. Navigator The user interface for the Ecologic MDMS Nested Outage A smaller outage that may remain when a larger outage involving the same portion of the distribution network is restored. Nested outages can occur in both Momentary Outage and Sustained Outage scenarios. OMS Outage Management System Network See AMI Network Equipment. Equipment Outage Mode For purposes of Outage Management within OMM, the utility may define any number of Outage Modes. There are two flavors of Outage Modes within OMM: Time-based Outage Modes and Storm-Based Outage Modes. OMM can be set via configuration parameters to automatically determine the current Outage Mode for each outage Region based upon time of day (time-based modes) or the number of De-Energized End Points in the Outage Region (storm-based modes). Typical time-based Outage Modes are Day Mode and Night Mode. Typical storm-based outage modes are Small Storm Mode and Large Storm Mode. The Outage Mode for each region can also be set manually via the Navigator. Outage Modes are used within OMM to drive processing logic. In addition, many OMM configuration parameters may vary as a function of Outage Mode, providing the utility with fine-grained control of OMM behavior. Outage Region For purposes of outage management, a utility's service territory can be divided into any number of Outage Regions. End Points and AMI Network Equipment devices inherit their Outage Region assignment from the Outage Region assigned to the Distribution Transformer that provides power to the End point or AMI Network Equipment Device. The Outage Region associated with a Distribution Transformer is a relationship managed through Data Synchronization. Outage Regions are used within OMM to drive processing and messaging logic and the display of outage information in the Navigator. In addition, many OMM configuration parameters may vary as a function of Outage Region, providing the utility with fine-grained control of OMM behavior. Outage Status A message type defined in the OVE-RE-Interface-Spec.doc used by a Notification Head-End System, OMM, OMS, or another external system to Message communicate to another system a change in Outage Status or Comm Status for an End Point, Distribution Transformer, or AMI Network Equipment device. Ping Ping is a commonly accepted term. For purposes of this specification, Pings are synonymous with Power Status Check Messages, defined elsewhere in this table. Planned Outage Planned Outages involve the loss of power to one or more service points as the result of planned maintenance on or reconfiguration of the distribution network. For purposed of this specification, Planned Outages are considered a subset of Anticipated Outages. Planned Outage An external system in the utility enterprise that is used for the planning System and tracking of Planned Outages. Power Down See Last Gasp Message. Message Power Status A message type used to perform on-demand meter readings of the Check Message Energization Status of End Points via AMI Head-End Systems. Power Up Message See Restoration Message. Restoration A common term used to describe the message sent out by an End Point or Message AMI Network Equipment device when a restoration of voltage from the distribution network is detected. Restoration Messages signal the transition to an Energized Energization State. Restoration Scout Restoration Scout is an available process within OMM that is used to periodically attempt pings of De-Energized End Points to determine whether the Service Points have returned to the Energized State. This is also referred to as performing proactive Power Status Checks. The Restoration Scout can be disabled or enabled and controlled via configuration parameters. Typically, the Restoration Scout is used in connection with Metering Systems that do not successfully detect and pass to MDMS close to 100% of restoration events; however, the Restoration Scout can be utilized in connection with any Metering System. OMM configuration parameters that are a function of Outage Mode and Metering System are provided to optimize the behavior of the Restoration Scout under various Outage Modes and in recognition of the varying bandwidth available with a particular Metering System technology. Restoration A request/reply message type defined in the OVE-RE-Interface- Verification Spec.doc used by OMS or another external system to request OMM to Message verify that individual End Points involved in an outage have been restored to the Energized State. OMM will respond to the request by first checking whether Restoration Messages for the individual End Points have already been received from Head-End System(s). If not, OMM will Ping the End Points for which Restoration Messages have not been received and then return an explicit reply to the calling system with the Energization Status of each End Point in the original request. OMM will also update its table for tracking the Energization States believed to exist by OMS to the Energized State for each End Point in the request. Second Level Determination of the extent of an outage by performing transformer-level Scoping Power Status Checks on one or more Distribution Transformers. Second Level Scoping is typically initiated and directed by an OMS or other system or application (external to OMM) having knowledge of the electrical connectivity of the distribution network. Although external systems request Second Level Scoping by specifying one or more Distribution Transformers, ultimately OMM returns the Energization Status of one or more of the End Points associated with the Distribution Transformer. The number of End Points returned is dependent upon the parameters supplied by the external system making the Second Level Scoping request. Service Order Generically, a Service Order is a work order created in the utility enterprise. For purposes of this specification, a Service Order is a work order that in some way affects a Metering System and that involves an Anticipated Outage. Service Order Systems (and other enterprise systems) are responsible for defining Anticipated Outage windows to OMM if there is a desire to have OMM block Outage Status Notification Messages associated with affected End Points from being sent to OMS during a specified time period. Service Order For purposes of this specification, a Service Order System is any utility System enterprise system that creates work or service orders that can involve the creation or deletion of Anticipated Outages. Service Point See End Point. Source Side A recloser, fuse, or other device in the distribution network that can Protective Device operate under a fault condition to interrupt the power/voltage to downstream End Points and/or Distribution Transformers. Each End Point, Distribution Transformer, and AMI Network Equipment device can have a designated Source Side Protective Device. These relationships are maintained through Data Synchronization. Logic exists within OMM to limit the inferring of De-Energized End Points and Distribution Transformers to devices sharing a common Source Side Protective Device. Sustained Outage An outage that persists longer than the configurable time for a Momentary Outage.

Exemplary Utility Meter Data Processing System

FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a utility meter data processing system 100. System 100 includes a set of one or more electric AMI systems 110, a meter data management system (MDMS) 120, an outage management system (OMS) 130, external systems 140, and an access device 150.

Exemplary AMI Systems

AMI systems 110 include one or more meters or AMR (automated meter reading) headend data servers for one or more types of meters and/or AMR systems. Exemplary systems include systems made or sold by DCSI, Hexagram, Cellnet, Silver Spring Networks (SSN), and Landis+Gyr. AMI systems 110 are coupled or couplable via a two-way wireless or wireline communications network, for example Ethernet, to provide meter read data as well as meter energization status (outage status messages) and communication device status messages to MDMS 120. (Note that in some embodiments, one-way communications are used, but these embodiments may be unable to support power status checking or other desirable interrogations of meters or other devices.)

Exemplary Meter Data Management System

MDMS 120, which provides meter data management and outage management functionality, includes a processor module 121, a memory module 122, a validation, editing, and estimation (VEE) module 123, and an outage management module 124. (In the provisional application referenced in the background, the outage management module was referred to as OVE/RE.)

Processor module 121 includes one or more local or distributed processors, controllers, or virtual machines. In the exemplary embodiment, processor module 121 assumes any convenient or desirable form. In some embodiments, one or more of the processors are incorporated into servers, such as SQL database servers.

Memory module 122, which takes the exemplary form of one or more electronic, magnetic, or optical data-storage devices, stores VEE module 123 and outage management module 124.

In the exemplary embodiment, VEE module 123 (which incorporates functions sometimes referred to in the provisional application and other applications referenced herein as WAVE™ and/or iWAVE™ module), includes one or more sets of machine-readable and/or executable instructions for receiving and processing daily and/or interval meter read data from AMI systems 110 and potentially other metering systems. The exemplary VEE processing is performed according to rules and procedures, such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,557,729 and co-pending and co-owned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/706,041, both of which are incorporated herein by reference. Results of this processing—validated, edited, and/or estimated daily and/or interval meter read data—is stored within VEE module 123. (Note that some embodiments use meter read data as a proxy for the power up or restore messages at a given point in time.)

Outage management module (OMM) 124, which is described in detail using the flow chart of FIG. 3, includes one or more sets of machine-readable and/or executable instructions for receiving and processing end point (meter) energization status messages (outage status messages) from AMI systems 110 (or other enterprise systems), outage status messages and related requests from OMS 130, and anticipated outage related messages from external systems 140.

In general operation of this embodiment, OMM 124 uses JMS queues (not shown) to receive direct and indirect updates from designated or approved AMI head-end systems within AMI systems 110. Direct updates include outage status notifications and responses to ping (power status) requests. Indirect updates include meter read data, which can be used as proxy for the energized status of the meter at the observation time of the meter reading. In some embodiments, OMM 124 can optionally accept outage status notifications from other external systems like a CIS or IVR system. When available, using the information from the AMI head-end system(s) and other external systems, OMM 124 tracks what it deems to be the current energization status of each end point.

Also, OMM 124 accepts outage status notification messages from OMS 130 for end points as well as distribution transformers. OMM 124 uses these outage status notifications to track what OMS 130 currently believes the energization status to be for each end point. Whenever OMS 130 sends OMM 124 the energization status of a distribution transformer, OMM infers the same energization status to the end point(s) associated with that distribution transformer. In addition, OMM 124 can perform periodic proactive power status checks (referred to as restoration scout function) to identify end points that have transitioned to the energized state without that transition having been reported to OMM 124 by the aforementioned direct and indirect update mechanisms. Typically, the restoration scout function is enabled for metering systems that are not able to deliver restoration messages to OMM 124 for a sufficiently high percentage of re-energized end points; however the restoration scout function may be used with any metering system technology.

OMM 124 generally uses all of the energization state and energization state transition data at its disposal to best identify and scope outages and to verify outage restorations according to the particular business rules of each utility. OMM 124 is a highly configurable system that can operate with or without a separate OMS. It can be proactive or reactive in scoping activities and in detecting and verifying restorations.

More particularly, OMM 124 includes a configuration module 1241 and outage management data structures 1242.

Configuration module 1241 stores OMM configuration parameters and machine readable and/or executable instructions for providing a configuration GUI to an access device, such as access device 150. The OMM configuration parameters support and define the specific functional and business flow requirements of each utility. A listing of the OMM configuration parameters, along with default or recommended settings to achieve behaviors associated with an exemplary OMM installation is included as Appendix A. Notably, one or more of the configuration parameters are representative or indicative of rules and/or thresholds within OMS 130. For example, one or more of the configuration parameters are based on threshold number of end point outages that the OMS uses to infer outage of the associated distribution transformer. OMM uses this type of configuration data to minimize the amount of end point status information that it communicates to the OMS to indicate a transformer outage. (Conventional, OMS is typically not designed to receive transformer outage information from customers.)

Many of the configuration parameters used to drive the OMM processing can be specified as a function of outage region, outage mode and metering system. Outage modes are set individually by outage region and are normally determined automatically as a function of time of day (time-based outage mode) and the percentage of de-energized service points in a given Outage Region (storm-based or threshold-based outage mode). Outage modes can also be switched manually by an authorized user using a graphical user interface, such as Ecologic Analytics™ Navigator™ interface. In addition to configuration parameters, there are Assumptions and Conventions associated with the behavior of the OMM. A listing of these is included in Appendix B.

OM data structures 1242 include data structures, such as tables and relational databases, containing the data used by OMM to function. Data structure 1243, which is generally representative of the data structures in the exemplary embodiment includes a meter or end point identification (ID) 1243A which is logically associated with one or more data fields, such as data fields 1243B-1243H. Data field 1243B provides a technology indicator to indicate the AMI technology type of the end point. For example, the technology indicator can indicate a system from one of the following manufacturers DCSI, Hexagram, Cellnet, Silver Spring Networks (SSN), and Landis+Gyr.

Data field 1243C provides a geographic region indicator for a geographic region to which the corresponding end point is assigned. Data field 1243D provides an indication of the outage mode that is currently in effect for the region. Data field 1243E provides a distribution transformer (XFRMR) identifier which identifies a distribution transformer that feeds power to the corresponding end point. Data field 1243F provides an identifier for a source-side protective device, such as fuse or breaker that is coupled to the end point.

Data field 1243G provides energization status indicator indicative of the energization status currently held by OMS 130 for the corresponding end point, for example energized or de-energized. Data field 1243H provides energization status indicator indicative of the energization status currently held by OMM 124 for the corresponding end point, for example energized, confirmed, energized inferred, de-energized confirmed, de-energized inferred, or indeterminate. Data fields 1243G and 1243H include time stamp information. Data field 1242H provides event information for the corresponding end point, indicating a historical record of each state change of the end point, and when it occurred.

Exemplary Outage Management System

OMS 130 can take a variety of computerized forms, which rely on one or more processors and memory. In the exemplary embodiment, OMS 130 includes OMS data 131, a rules engine 132, and a network model 133.

Exemplary External Systems

External systems 140 include one or more utility management related systems which may provide or require information related to outage management. In the exemplary embodiments, these systems include customer information systems, planned outage systems, and service order processing systems, one or more of which can provide information to OMM 124 regarding anticipated outage events. With data regarding anticipated outage events for one or more end points, OMM 124 can avoid communicating outage reports regarding these points to OMS 130.

Exemplary Access Device

Access device 150 provides a mechanism for defining the configuration parameters of OMM 124 via a graphical user interface. In the exemplary embodiment, access device 150 takes the form of a personal computer, workstation, personal digital assistant, mobile telephone, or any other device capable of providing an effective user interface with a server or database. Specifically, access device 150 includes one or more processors (or processing circuits) 151, a memory 152, a display 153, and input devices (e.g., keyboard and mouse) 154.

Processor module 151 includes one or more processors, processing circuits, or controllers. In the exemplary embodiment, processor module 151 takes any convenient or desirable form. Coupled to processor module 151 is memory 152.

Memory 152 stores code (machine-readable or executable instructions) for an operating system 156, a browser 157, and a graphical user interface (GUI) 158. In the exemplary embodiment, operating system 156 takes the form of a version of the Microsoft Windows operating system, and browser 157 takes the form of a version of Microsoft Internet Explorer. Operating system 156 and browser 157 not only receive inputs from keyboard 134 and selector 135, but also support rendering of GUI 158 on display 153. Upon rendering, GUI 158, which is defined at least in part using applets or other programmatic objects or structures from MDMS 120, presents data in association with one or more interactive control features (or user-interface elements). In the exemplary embodiment, GUI 158 includes an OMM dashboard interface 158A and an OMM configuration interface 158B.

FIG. 2 shows a detailed exemplary embodiment of OMM dashboard interface 158A, denoted as interface 200. Interface 200 shows summary outage information for Outage Regions as well as detailed outage information for transformers, end points, and network equipment. The top third of the screen includes a regional summary tab 210 and device search tab 220. The middle third of the screen includes transformer tab 230, end points tab 240, and network equipment tab 250 based on the selected region if the regional summary tab is selected or on selected search criteria if the Device Search tab is selected at the top of the screen. The bottom third of the screen (“Events”) includes filter criteria and a results section that shows event details for the device selected in the middle third of the screen.

The upper third includes regional counts for Outage enabled end points, AMI-enabled end points, Transformers, Network equipment which are visible in the figure and counts for de-energized transformers, De-energized end points (OMM or AMI), De-energized end points (as reported by the OMS), and De-energized network equipment, and Network equipment for which a communication down notification has been received. Selecting a particular Outage Region, results in update of the middle third of the screen, showing details on transformers, end points, and network equipment.

Exemplary Method(s) of Operation

FIG. 3 shows a flow chart 300 of one or more exemplary methods of operating a system, such as system 100. Flow chart 300 includes blocks 305-395, which are arranged and described in a serial execution sequence in the exemplary embodiment. However, other embodiments execute two or more blocks in parallel using multiple processors or processor-like devices or a single processor organized as two or more virtual machines or sub processors. Other embodiments also alter the process sequence or provide different functional partitions to achieve analogous results. For example, some embodiments may alter the client-server allocation of functions, such that functions shown and described on the server side are implemented in whole or in part on the client side, and vice versa. Moreover, still other embodiments implement the blocks as two or more interconnected hardware modules with related control and data signals communicated between and through the modules. Thus, the exemplary process flow applies to software, hardware, and firmware implementations.

At block 305, the exemplary method begins with defining configuration parameters for the outage management module of system 100. In the exemplary embodiment, this entails defining one or more configuration parameters as outlined in Appendix A using configuration GUI 158B. FIGS. 4-6 show an exemplary implementation of GUI 158B.

FIG. 4 shows an exemplary configuration editor interface 400 which is used in the exemplary embodiment. In general, interface 400 facilitates definition of outage regions, outage modes, outage metering systems, system-wide values for all OMM configuration parameters, and configuration parameter values per combination of region, mode, and metering system, depending on which dimensions are applicable per parameter. Applicability of dimensions per parameter is table-defined. In the exemplary embodiment, a backend API within OMM looks up parameter values based on the input of a parameter name, a region-mode-metering-system triple (for applicable dimensions per parameter).

More particularly, interface 400 includes three main interface tabs: a dimensional editor tab 410, a system-wide default tab 420, and a configurations tab 440. Dimensional editors tab 410 allows users to view and define Outage Regions, Outage Modes, and AMI vendor metering systems via selection of respective control features, for example radio buttons, 412, 414, and 416. (The parameter settings for outage regions, outage modes, and AMI vendor metering systems are viewed and defined on configurations tab 440.)

When region radio button 412 is selected on the dimensional editors tab 410, as depicted in FIG. 4, interface 400 allows users to add or edit Outage Regions in OMM. In addition, the interface lets users specify the current Outage Mode for an Outage Region if OMM is running in manual mode determination (as determined by the OMM IS_AUTOMATED_MODE_DETERMINATION_ENABLED parameter). Adding an outage region entails clicking on an add button 418A to display an add region window 440, where a user can enter a Region ID, Region Description, and specify the desired mode determination. If system default is selected, the parameter IS_AUTOMATED_MODE_DETERMINATION_ENABLED on the system-wide defaults tab under the Mode Determination category will be used. If automatic is selected, the IS_AUTOMATED_MODE_DETERMINATION_ENABLED to “Y” as a custom configuration on the Configurations tab under the Mode Determination category for the Outage Region being added. If manual is selected, then a current mode drop-down box is enabled, allowing manual selection of the current Outage Mode for the Outage Region you are adding, as explained below. Similar windows for editing and removing windows can be invoked using edit and remove buttons.

When modes radio button 414 is selected interface screen 450 is displayed. This screen allows users to add or edit Outage Modes used by OMM. And, when metering systems radio button 416 is selected, interface screen (or region) 460 is displayed, allowing users to define all of the external metering systems with AMI systems 110 and outage-enable any of these metering system. (When a meter is outage-enable, a row is created in the METERING_SYSTEMS table.) Interface screen 460 also allows one to outage-disable a metering system (thereby removing the row in the METERING_SYSTEM table) as long as there are no dependent service points in an OUTAGE_SERVICE_POINT table used by the OMM. In the exemplary embodiment, the AMI-enabled status is informational only and cannot be changed.

Selection of system-wide defaults tab 420 results in display of interface screen 500, as shown in FIG. 5. Interface screen 500 allows users to view and change system-wide defaults for all OMM parameters. OMM is initially configured with default values for all parameters for these system-wide settings. (There is one exception: the “mode determination rules” parameter which specifies whether an outage mode is storm-based or time-based, along with either a storm threshold or a start time; these system-wide defaults can be configured only by the client utility, as explained below.) In the exemplary embodiment, some parameters can be set only at the system-level; these are noted with an “X” in the “System Level” column in the parameter table included within Appendix A. All system-level default values can be changed by the client utility. In addition, many parameters can also be customized by the client utility at the outage region, outage mode, and/or AMI vendor metering system levels, as indicated in Appendix A. Interface screen 500 includes a parameter category display and selection region 410, which shows that OMM parameters are grouped into eleven selectable categories:

-   -   AMI OSN Processing     -   CLX/OSN     -   DEFAULT     -   Filtering     -   Mode Determination     -   Nested Outage Processing     -   OCDB     -   Outage Scoping & Restoration     -   OMM Integration     -   Power Status Inferencing     -   Restoration Scout         The filtering category is shown selected in the Figure, which         also causes parameters related to control of the filtering         functionality to be displayed in a filtering parameter region         420. When the outage scoping and restoration category is         selected, as indicated in interface screen 430, the settings for         various scoping and restoration parameters are displayed in         region 440.

Selection of configuration tab 430 (in FIG. 4) results in display of interface screen 600, as shown in FIG. 6. As noted earlier, all OMM parameters have system-level default values. Interface screen 600 allows users to view and customize these parameter values at various levels (outage region, outage mode, and/or metering system), depending on the dimensions applicable to each parameter as defined in Appendix A. Parameters can also be configured so that they apply to a particular combination of outage region, outage mode, and/or metering system, again according to the applicable dimensions of each parameter. The configuration screens automatically handle the level or levels at which a parameter can be set, and it is possible to copy existing parameter sets.

In particular, interface screen 600 includes a parameter category display and selection region 610, which shows that OMM parameters are grouped into the same eleven selectable categories used in screen 500 for system-wide defaults:

-   -   AMI OSN Processing     -   CLX/OSN     -   DEFAULT     -   Filtering     -   Mode Determination     -   Nested Outage Processing     -   OCDB     -   Outage Scoping & Restoration     -   OMM Integration     -   Power Status Inferencing     -   Restoration Scout         The parameters for each of these categories are displayed on         separate screens.

In addition, there are mode determination rules that specify whether an outage mode is storm-based or time-based, along with either a storm threshold or a start time. These are properties of each outage region that a client utility sets up, and are set via the Mode Determination Rules for the Mode Determination category. Changing a parameter value on any of these screens entails typing in the desired value or selecting the appropriate radio button and then selecting the save option. Further information regarding the exemplary configuration interface is included in Appendix C.

FIG. 3 shows that after the OMM is configured at block 305, execution continues at block 310.

In block 310, MDMS 130 receives energization status messages, such as last gasp and restore messages, and/or daily and interval read data from AMI systems 110. Exemplary execution continues at block 315.

Block 315 entails determining whether the outage data is known or unknown by the OMM based on the AMI status data it holds. In the exemplary embodiment, when the MDMS receives a last gasp message from an end point (meter), it sends an outage status notification message to OMM with an energization status of “de-energized, confirmed”. When OMM receives this message, it initially determines, for example, by checking a service or endpoint status table, whether that end Point was already in a “de-energized, confirmed” or “de-energized, inferred” state. If it was, OMM log the time of this latest notification, but takes no further action to process the message or pass it to the OMS, instead branching back to block 310 to process other received data. However, if the outage of this meter is unknown, execution proceeds to block 330.

In block 330, OMM waits a configurable amount of time for a restoration message for the same End Point. The duration of the wait period is determined by the configuration parameters defined at block 305. In some embodiments, the wait period is a function of the geographic region associated with the end point and the outage mode in effect for that region. Outage mode can be function of the time of day or size of the outage. The wait time allows OMM to disregard momentary outages and prevent them from affecting distribution transformer energization status inferencing and/or from being sent to the OMS. After the wait period, execution continues at block 335.

Block 335 entails checking if a restoration message for the end point has been received. If the restoration message has been received, indicating that the outage condition no longer exists and the end point is operational, execution branches back to block 310 to process other messages. However, if no restoration message for the end point has been received, execution proceeds to block 337.

Block 337 determines whether the end point outage represented by the outage message is associated with a larger outage, such as a distribution transformer outage. In the exemplary embodiment, this transformer outage determination is performed using two different methods. The first method entails determining whether a threshold minimum number of end points or threshold percentage of end points (or both) associated with the transformer. (The threshold minimum and threshold percentage are configuration parameters defined in block 305.) If the threshold minimum number or percentage is satisfied, the outage management module will designate the distribution transformer associated with the end point as exhibiting an outage, or more specifically as “de-energized, inferred.” The second method is based upon identification of simultaneous outage events on multiple distribution transformers having a common nearest source side protective device. If a configurable number of last gasp messages are received in a configurable time frame across multiple distribution transformers having a common nearest source side protective device, OMM will also cause the energization state of these multiple distribution transformers to be set to de-energized, inferred.

If either of the two methods indicates that its condition for inferring the outage to the distribution Transformer level is satisfied, OMM will infer the de-energized state of the given transformer end point to other end points on the affected transformer(s) as indicated at block 339. Inferring the outage to the other end points entails updating the status of the end points in a state table (OM data 1343) to indicate de-energized confirmed along with a date stamp for the change. If inferring outage of the transformer is not possible, execution branches to block 345.

In block 345, the system, if configured at block 305 to do so, initiates first level scoping, which involves affirmatively determining whether the other end points associated with the distribution transformer for the de-energized end point are energized or not. To this end, the exemplary embodiment performs a power status check of each of the end points, specifically requesting the metering system(s) to ping all of the AMI-enabled end points on the respective distribution transformer.

In the exemplary embodiment, the power status checking, known as First Level Scoping can be controlled via a configuration parameter that is a function of Outage Region, Outage Mode and Metering System. This allows the utility to optimize the use of AMI network bandwidth under a wide range of operational scenarios ranging from normal operations to large-scale storms.

After receiving the results of the pings, execution continues at block 340.

In block 340, OMM again attempts to determine whether the there is a transformer-level outage using the first inference method used at block 337. Specifically, the OMM determines whether a threshold minimum number of end points or threshold percentage of end points associated with the transformer associated with the end point are also experiencing an outage. If the threshold minimum number or percentage is satisfied, execution branches to block 345.

In block 345, the OMM infers that all the end points associated with the distribution transformer for the end point message under consideration are exhibiting an outage. In the exemplary embodiment, this inferring entails labeling or updating OMM status in OM data 1343 for the relevant end points as “de-energized, inferred.” Execution continues at block 350.

Block 350 entails determining whether any of the inferred or determined end point outages is associated with an anticipated outage condition. This entails queuing the messages and then checking them against a listing of OMS Anticipated Outage Events. OMM may expect end points to have anticipated outage events based on information received from external systems such as a Customer Information System (for locks and shut offs for non-pay), a Planned Outage System or a Service Order System. There are interfaces to the OMM system to create and delete these Anticipated Outage Events. (Note: If desired, the filtering of Anticipated Outages can be disabled via a configuration parameter.)

At block 355, OMM 134 receives outage report data from OMS and updates the OMS status fields for the effected end points in OM data 1343. Execution continues at block 360.

Block 360 entails notifying OMS of the outage using a minimum number of energization status messages. In the exemplary embodiment, this entails blocking any outage status messages that were deemed to be associated with an Anticipated Outage or that have are already indicated by their OMS status fields within OM data 1343 to be de-energized This blocking is intended to lessen the burden on OMS by eliminating redundant or otherwise unwanted messages. However, if an end point is already part of a known OMS outage, but the outage event time for the new end point outage status notification message is later (by more than a configurable parameter) than the start time of the known OMS outage, then the new outage event time will be retained by OMM for later use in restoration validation processing.

In block 365, the utility handles the outage using OMS 130. In the exemplary embodiment, this entails the utility declaring, managing, and restoring the outage using the OMS and other conventional systems. As repairs are made and power is restored, repair crews and customers may phone in transformer and end point restorations.

In block 370, OMM 134 receives restoration (power up) messages from AMI systems 110. As these messages are received, OMM will update the end point energization status with energized confirmed state indicators and record the time of the energization status change in the respective event logs for the end points. Execution continues at block 375.

In block 375, OMM 134 receives restoration messages from OMS 130. In the exemplary embodiment, OMS send OMM unsolicited outage status notification messages whenever OMS deems that the energization state of an end point has changed. In response, OMM updates the OMS status tables indicating OMS's view of the energization state of the relevant end points. In response to a restoration notification message of this type, if OMM has previously received an Outage Status Notification from AMI indicating that the End Point is De-Energized and the outage event time associated with that notification is later than the outage start time known to OMS (by more than a configurable parameter), then OMM will send a new

Outage Status Notification Message to OMS to inform OMS that the End Point may be de-energized. Execution continues at block 380.

In block 380, OMM 134 receives a restoration verification request from OMS 130. Exemplary execution advances to block 385.

At block 385, OMM 134 responds to the request by initiating a power status check of all the end points in the verification request that do not have an energized confirmed status in the OM data 1343. In other words, if any of the end points in the request are indicated as being de-energized, energized inferred, or indeterminate, the OMM communicates with the corresponding AMI systems within AMI systems 110, requesting initiation of a power status check of those end points. However, for those end points indicated by the OM data as being energized confirmed, the OMM will not request initiation of the power status check, thereby conserving bandwidth on the communications channels with AMI systems 110 and between the headend servers within AMI systems 110 and their associated end points.

In block 390, OMM 134 replies to the verification request with the results of any power status checks and/or the confirmed energized data that was collected prior to the OMM's receipt of the verification request. If the Energization Status of one or more of the End Points could not be determined for any reason, the reply will also contain an error message for each such End Point indicating the specific error that occurred. The OMS can then use the returned information to determine the existence of new or nested outages. In some embodiments, the OMM also includes special logic to help identify the possible existence of Nested Outages.

In some embodiments, the OMM also includes special logic to help identify the possible existence of Nested Outages following a Momentary Outage scenario. Restoration Messages that OMM receives from a Metering System for which there is no known outage in OMS will be recorded, grouped by common Source Side Protective Device, and analyzed. If the number of these messages received within a configurable time period for any group exceeds another configurable parameter, then the corresponding list of restoration events will be sent to OMS using a special message type that indicates a potential Nested Outage.

In block 395, the utility declares the outage condition over, assuming that the reply to the verification request has indicated complete restoration. In the event of less than complete verification of the restoration, the OMS may request scoping to be performed.

In the exemplary embodiment, there are two additional ways that information concerning restoration events can be made known to OMM: 1) via the receipt of meter readings that serve as an indication that the End Point was energized at the observation time of the meter reading, and 3) via the Restoration Scout. The variety of methods by which OMM can be made aware of restoration events collectively is designed to minimize the probability that restoration events go undetected for significant periods of time. This in turn helps to improve the utility's outage statistics.

OMM also has a configuration parameter to control integration between OMM and VEE processing. If this function is enabled, the outage state and outage event history tracked by OMM is made available to the MDMS VEE function, allowing VEE to estimate zero consumption for known outage periods.

Data Validation

Whenever OMM receives an unsolicited message from a Metering System, OMS, or another external system for an End Point or Distribution Transformer that is not known to OMM, the error will be logged and no further processing of the message will occur.

Whenever OMM receives from AMI, OMS, or another external system, a message containing information associating an End Point to a Distribution Transformer, OMM will attempt to validate the End Point to Distribution Transformer association before further processing the message. If the validation fails, the error will be logged and, in the case of a request/reply message, an error code indicting the failure will be returned to the calling system.

APPENDIX A Exemplary Configuration Parameters

Listed below, in alphabetical order, are descriptions of the OMM parameters that affect operation of the exemplary OMM. These parameters as noted above can be readily configured using configuration GUI, as described herein, for example in Appendix C.

All OMM parameters are configured initially with system-level default values, except for MODE_WINDOW_START_TIME and STORM_MODE_THRESHOLD, which must be set by the client utility for each outage mode used by that client utility (as described below in a section entitled Setting System-wide Mode Determination Rules) once the client utility has configured the outage modes it will use.

Notes regarding the table: Parameters that can be set only at a system level have an “X” in the “System Level Only” column. (Some embodiments may not be so limited.) Parameters that can be customized by “outage region”, “outage mode”, and/or “metering system” have a check in those columns. If a parameter can be customized at multiple levels, then it is possible to set values for any or all combinations of those levels. For example, one can set the RESTORATION_SCOUT_ENDPOINT_PERCENTAGE parameter to 25% for a Big Storm Outage Mode in Region 1 for DCSI, to 20% for a Big Storm Outage Mode in Region 1 for SSN, to 20% for a Big Storm Outage Mode in Region 2 for DCSI, and to 15% for a Big Storm Outage Mode in Region 2 for SSN.

In addition to the parameters listed below, it is also possible to set “outage-enabled” to “Yes” or “No” for each metering system, whether AMI-enabled or not. (When a metering system is Outage-enabled, a row is inserted in the METERING_SYSTEMS table; when a metering system is Outage-disabled, the row is deleted. However, a metering system cannot be Outage-disabled if that metering system has dependent service points in the OUTAGE_SERVICE_POINT table.) Furthermore, as noted in the IS_VEE_INTEGRATION_ENABLED parameter description, the WAVE Outage Flag parameter controls whether WAVE uses the “OUT” estimation rule (zero estimation on a full-day outage day).

OMM Parameter Descriptions Table System Level Outage Outage Metering Recommended Default PARAMETER_NAME PARAMETER_DESCRIPTION Only Region Mode System Values Value ANTICIPATED_OUTAGE_ Block/don't block outage and X — — — Y or N Y FILTERING restoration messages from being sent to OMS if an Anticipated Outage exists for the endpoint. An anticipated outage can be a planned outage, a disconnect for non-payment, a faulty meter, a scheduled meter exchange, a service order, etc. BYPASS_AMI_RV_DELAY Time period in seconds to wait for — — — X  0 to 600 180 power-ups to be received from AMI if initial check of the endpoints in an RV request indicates that power-ups have not been received for any of the endpoints. Ignored if IS_BYPASS_ AMI_RV_ENABLED is set to “N”. Intent is to handle cases where the OMS operator intentionally closes an outage that is not restored. CELLNET_PACKET_ Time in seconds allotted to allow last X — — — 120 to 600 180 RECEIPT_TIME gasps and other packets sent by meters to be received by Cellnet Cellmasters. Applies only to Cellnet 1- Way metering system. Should be set as long as or longer than the normal frequency at which meters send information to Cellmasters. CLX_OSN_ENABLED Enable/disable the CLX Adapter for X — — — Y or N or N processing outage status notifications N/A from the CLX CIS. If this parameter is set to “N/A”, then the “No” button for this parameter is disabled because the client utility does not use this feature; in addition, the Outage Status Notification Adapter from CLX DDD will not check periodically for enablement. If this parameter is changed from “N/A” to anything else, a restart of the application server is required before the parameter change will take effect. CLX_OSN_EXPIRE_ Time in minutes after which it should X — — —  15 to 300  60 MINUTES be assumed that the process lock is stale and another instance should be allowed to release the lock and proceed with periodic processing. Ignored if CLX_OSN_ENABLED is set to “N”. CLX_OSN_INTERVAL Interval in seconds at which the X — — —  60 to 600 300 CLX/OSN adapter process will query the CLX CIS and create new outage status notifications. ENDPOINT_THRESHOLD_ Number of endpoint outages at a — X X X 0 to 5  2 ABSOLUTE Distribution Transformer needed to infer a transformer level outage. Ignored if “INFER_OUTAGE_AT_ DISTRIBUTION_TRANSFORMER is set to “N”. Recommendation is to set this to the same value as OMS_TRANSFORMER_ THRESHOLD. ENDPOINT_THRESHOLD_ Percentage of endpoint outages at a — X X X  0 to 100  25 RELATIVE Distribution Transformer needed to infer a transformer level Outage. Ignored if “INFER_OUTAGE_AT_ DISTRIBUTION_TRANSFORMER is set to “N”. HONOR_BOOT_COUNT_ Override sequence of outage state — — — X Y or N N OVER_EVENT_TIME timestamps from AMI if Sequence_ID (Boot Count) has incremented. Sequence_ID can be a boot count or any other sequence number. INFER_OUTAGE_ AT_ Enable/disable state and event-based — X X X Y or N Y DISTRIBUTION_ transformer inferencing. If set to “Y” TRANSFORMER and ENDPOINT_ THRESHOLD_ABSOLUTE set to “0”, then the outage will be inferred to the transformer level based solely on meeting or exceeding the percentage specified in ENDPOINT_ THRESHOLD_RELATIVE. If set to “Y” and ENDPOINT_ THRESHOLD_RELATIVE is set to “0”. Then the outage will be inferred to the transformer level based solely on equaling or exceeding the number specified in “ENDPOINT_ THRESHOLD_ABSOLUTE. If set to “Y” and ENDPOINT_ THRESHOLD_ABSOLUTE and ENDPOINT_ THRESHOLD_RELATIVE are both non-zero, and then both the percentage and the number must be equaled or exceeded in order to infer the outage to the transformer level. IS_AUTOMATED_MODE_ Enable/disable automatic — X — — Y or N Y DETERMINATION_ determination of outage modes. If set ENABLED to “N” for an outage region, the outage mode for that region will be set manually in Navigator. IS_BYPASS_AMI_RV_ Bypass power status check via the — X — — Y or N Y ENABLED AMI vendor's metering system for Restoration Verification requests where power-ups have not been received from AMI for any of the endpoints in the RV request after a configurable time period. The intent is to handle cases where the OMS operator intentionally closes an outage in OMS even though it is not restored (perhaps because there are other larger outages that must be addressed first) It is possible that the client utility might want to set this parameter to “Y” in response to actions by the OMS operator. IS_FIRST_LEVEL_ Enable/disable first-level scoping. — X X X Y or N Y SCOPING_ENABLED Refers to first level scoping initiated by MDMS, not first level scoping initiated by an external system such as OMS. IS_NESTED_OUTAGE_ Send “simultaneous” confirmed — X — — Y or N Y PROCESSING_ENABLED restoration messages across multiple transformers having a common nearest source side protective device that are not associated with a known OMS outage to OMS to assist in nested outage determination. The intent is to identify sustained nested outage(s) following a momentary outage. IS_OMS_INTEGRATION_ Enable disable OMS integration. At a — X — — Y or N Y ENABLED system-level, this parameter must be “Y” if any outage region is set to “Y”. This parameter does NOT enable/disable any OMS JMS queues. At an outage region level, this enables/disables OMS integration for a particular region. IS_OVE_RE_ENABLED Enable/disable OMM functionality X — — — Y or N Y This parameter is always set to “Y” and cannot be disabled. IS_RESTORATION_SCOUT_ Enable/disable the Restoration Scout X — — — Y or N Y ENABLED process. If enabled, this process will periodically perform power status checks to determine if endpoints believed to be de-energized have had power restored. It is typically used with metering systems that have a low success rate in delivering power-up notifications to MDMS. However, it can be used for any metering system. IS_VEE_OUTAGE_ Enable integration between VEE and X — — — Y or N Y INTEGRATION_ OMM. Specifically, this controls ENABLED whether the Populate Outage History Process (outage_history.ksh) runs or not. The WAVE Outage Flag parameter controls whether WAVE uses the “OUT” estimation rule (zero estimation on a full-day outage day). LOG_LEVEL Level of logging to be performed by X — — — SEVERE or WARNING OMM. SEVERE logs only messages WARNING describing events that are of or INFO or considerable importance and will DEBUG prevent normal program execution. WARNING logs SEVERE messages plus messages describing events that indicate a significant problem with the application but are not preventing the process from continuing. INFO logs SEVERE and WARNING messages plus messages describing events that will be of interest to end users or system managers or that indicate potential problems. DEBUG logs SEVERE, WARNING, and INFO messages plus messages providing highly detailed tracing information; this setting may have a significant negative impact on performance. MAX_RVA_REQUEST_ Maximum number of request rows in a X — — —  100 to 1000 250 RECORDS Cellnet RVA Request File. Applies only to Cellnet 1-Way metering system. Keep low to ensure low latency in processing pending requests. MODE_ DETERMINATION_ Time in minutes after which it should X — — —  15 to 300  60 EXPIRE_MINUTES be assumed that the process lock is stale and another instance should be allowed to release the lock and proceed with periodic processing. MODE_ DETERMINATION_ Interval in seconds at which the X — — —  60 to 600 300 INTERVAL Outage Mode for each Outage Region will be evaluated when automated mode determination is enabled. MODE_WINDOW_ Start time of time window for a time- — X X — Any time of E.g.: START_TIME based Outage Mode. Time based day in 00:00:00 or outage modes are overridden if storm HH:MM:SS 07:00:00 threshold is reached or exceeded. The end time for a time-based outage mode is right before the start time of the next outage mode. For example, of one outage mode starts at 06:00:00, the previous mode ends at 05:59:59. MOF_TIMEOUT_IN_ Delay in seconds to wait for X — — —  0 to 300  90 SECONDS momentary outages to resolve before starting outage inferencing and/or scoping. Momentary outages that are restored within this time interval will not be inferred to transformer-level outages and will not be passed to OMS unless “SEND_ALL_LG_EVENTS_TO_OMS is set to “Y”. NESTED_OUTAGE_ Number of simultaneous confirmed — X — —  0 to 100  20 RESTORATION_ restoration messages across multiple THRESHOLD transformers having a common nearest source side protective device required to trigger the behavior associated with IS_NESTED_OUTAGE_ PROCESSING_ENABLED. The intent is to identify sustained nested outage(s) following a momentary outage. OCDB_OSN_ENABLED Enable/disable the OCDB/OSN X — — — Y or N or N Adapter for a Cellnet 1-way Metering N/A System. If this parameter is set to “N/A”, then the “No” button for this parameter is disabled because the client utility does not use this feature; in addition, the Outage Status Notification Adapter from the Cellnet OCDB will not check periodically for enablement. If this parameter is changed from “N/A” to anything else, a restart of the application server is required before the parameter change will take effect. OCDB_OSN_EXPIRE_ Time in minutes after which it should X — — —  15 to 300  60 MINUTES be assumed that the process lock is stale and another instance should be allowed to release the lock and proceed with periodic processing. OCDB_OSN_INTERVAL Interval in seconds at which the X — — —  60 to 600 300 OCDB/OSN adapter process will query the Cellnet OCDB and create new outage status notifications. OMS_ TRANSFORMER_ Number of endpoints to send to OMS — X — —  2 to 99  2 THRESHOLD when a transformer-level outage has been determined to exist. Recommendation is to set this to the same value as ENDPOINT_ THRESHOLD_ABSOLUTE. If intent is to send all endpoints, set to “99”. OUTAGE_DATA_ Time (in days) after an anticipated X — — —  3 to 180  10 RETENTION_TIME outage has completed its duration that the records should be removed from the ANTICIPATED_OUTAGE and ANTICIPATED_OUTAGE_SP tables. PSC_TRANSACTION_ Default transaction timeout in seconds — — X X (Metering 120 TIMEOUT for all OMM request/reply transactions System and involving power status. Used for all Outage request/reply transactions involving Mode power status checks when an external specific) system such as OMS does not provide an explicit TransactionTimeout parameter in the request message. RESTORATION_ SCOUT_ Percentage of de-energized endpoints — X X X .0001 to  80 ENDPOINT_PERCENTAGE in the Outage Region/Metering 100. System combination for which power status checks will be performed in each execution of the Restoration Scout for the unique Outage Region/ Metering System combination. Ignored if IS_RESTORATION_ SCOUT_ENABLED is set to “N”. This parameter is intended to limit or throttle the metering system network load created by proactive restoration checks. It is recommended that this be set high for time-based outage modes and progressively lower for storm-based outage modes with increasing de-energized endpoint thresholds (STORM_MODE_ THRESHOLD). The actual values should also account for the bandwidth and response time capabilities of each metering system. RESTORATION_ SCOUT_ Interval in seconds at which the X — — — 180 to 600 300 EVALUATION _INTERVAL Restoration Scout process will wake up to invoke proactive power status checks for unique combinations of Outage Region and Metering System that are due for processing, given its RESTORATION_ SCOUT_EXECUTION_INTERVAL. RESTORATION_ SCOUT_ Interval in seconds at which the — X X X 180 to 900 EXECUTION_INTERVAL Restoration Scout will perform 86,400 proactive power status checks for each unique Outage Region/Metering System combination. RESTORATION_ SCOUT_ Time in minutes after which it should X — — —  15 to 300  60 EXPIRE_MINUTES be assumed that the process lock is stale and another instance should be allowed to release the lock and proceed with periodic processing. RVA_TRANSACTION_ Time period in seconds that USC PSC X — — —  10 to 600  30 COMPLETION_CHECK_ Adapter will wait between successive INTERVAL checks for completed RVA transactions. Applies only to Cellnet 1-Way metering system. Keep low to ensure low latency in processing pending requests. SEND_ALL_LG_ Send all last-gasps for endpoints as — X X X Y or N N EVENTS_TO_OMS unsolicited messages to OMS. If set to “Y”, no filtering for anticipated or known outages is done. Ignored if IS_OMS_INTEGRATION_ENABLED is set to “N”. SEND_ALL_PU_ Send all power-ups for endpoints as — X X X Y or N N EVENTS_TO_OMS unsolicited messages to OMS. If set to “Y”, no filtering for anticipated or known outages is done. Ignored if IS_OMS_INTEGRATION_ENABLED is set to “N”. SIMULTANEOUS_ Number of simultaneous confirmed — X X X  2 to 100  8 ENDPOINT_ endpoint outage messages across EVENT_THRESHOLD multiple transformers having a common nearest source side protective device required to infer transformer level outages. Ignored if “INFER_OUTAGE_AT_ DISTRIBUTION_TRANSFORMER is set to “N”. SIMULTANEOUS_ Time period in seconds during which — — X X  0 to 30  6 ENDPOINT_ multiple confirmed outages or multiple EVENT_TIME_WINDOW confirmed restorations reported to MDMS by AMI are considered to be “simultaneous”. This parameter is intended to account for drift in the time clocks of various distributed devices and should be set as low as possible to avoid false positive indications of simultaneous events. STORM_MODE_ Percentage of endpoint outages in a — X X —  1 to 99  10 THRESHOLD storm-based Outage Region that must be de-energized to enter an Outage Mode based upon storm size. TRANSFORMER_EVAL_ Delay in seconds to wait for related — — — X   0 to 1200 120 RETRY_DELAY outage indications to arrive before starting outage inferencing and/or scoping. Allows time for additional non-momentary outage notifications to arrive, minimizing the likelihood of first- level scoping being required. TRANSFORMER_PSC_ Designates the transformer power — — — X Transformer List of MODE status check mode for transformer- ID Endpoints level power status check transactions. or If set to “Transformer ID, OMM will List of send Transformer ID to the metering Endpoints system. If set to “List of Endpoints”, OMM will select the endpoints and send them to the metering system. USC_PSC_ADAPTER_ Enable/disable the USC Power Status X — — — Y or N or N ENABLED Check (PSC) Adapter/Restoration N/A Verification Application (RVA) Adapter. If this parameter is set to “N/A”, then the “No” button for this parameter is disabled because the client utility does not use this feature; in addition, the Cellnet USC Power Status Check (PSC) Adapter/Restoration Verification Application (RVA) Adapter will not check periodically for enablement. If this parameter is changed from “N/A” to anything else, a restart of the application server is required before the parameter change will take effect. USC_PSC_EXPIRE_ Time in minutes after which it should X — — —  15 to 300  60 MINUTES be assumed that the process lock is stale and another instance should be allowed to release the lock and proceed with periodic processing.

APPENDIX B Exemplary Operational Assumptions

In addition to configuration parameters, the following assumptions and conventions define the behavior of the outage management module in the exemplary embodiment:

-   -   1. A Distribution Transformer may have End Points with both AMI         and non-AMI meters.     -   2. There may be meters from multiple AMI vendors on a given         Distribution Transformer.     -   3. AMI technologies are such that a fraction of outage alarms         and restoration messages may be delayed in getting to MDMS or         never received by MDMS. Typically this fraction is significantly         larger for outage alarms than for restoration notifications.     -   4. “Core Data” (data defining the End Points, Distribution         transformers, and AMI Network Equipment devices, the mapping of         the End Points and AMI Network Equipment devices to Distribution         Transformers, the Outage Region in which an End Point's or AMI         Network Equipment device's Distribution Transformer exists, the         nearest Source Side Protective Device for an End Point or AMI         Network Equipment device, the Metering System associated with an         End Point or AMI Network Equipment device, and other similar         semi-static data and relationships will be initially populated         and subsequently maintained through Data Synchronization with         the source of record system(s) for the distribution system model         and meter assets (e.g., GIS, OMS, CIS, Asset Management, etc.).     -   5. The utility is responsible for the accuracy of End Point and         AMI Network Equipment device to Distribution Transformer         associations and for the associations of Distribution         Transformers to Outage Regions. These associations are critical         to outage scoping, restoration verification and other functions         performed by the MDMS OMM.     -   6. To the extent practical, interfaces processing outage related         messages to and from external systems and the MDMS will include         provisions to process messages in chronological order, oldest         first; however there is no requirement to do so and there is no         need to coordinate the chronological processing across multiple         interface processes.     -   7. Priority will be placed on processing incoming outage and         restoration messages in as close to real-time as possible to         maximize the efficacy of the outage validation and restoration         processing.     -   8. MDMS will infer outages at End Points or Distribution         Transformers based on confirmed outage states of other devices         and network connectivity relationships (i.e., End Point to         Distribution Transformer associations).     -   9. All outage state information will be persisted and carried         over to subsequent MDMS initializations.     -   10. In the event the MDMS or any utility system is out of         service for a period of time, the contents of message queues         will be retained and the messages will be processed when the         system(s) return to service.

APPENDIX C Exemplary Configuration GUI for OMM Configuring OMM Parameters on the Outage Configuration Screens

The Configuration option on the Outage menu illustrated in FIG. 7 in Navigator is used to set up OMM parameters. Described in the topics below are the Dimensional Editors, System-wide Defaults, and Configurations tabs on the Outage Configuration screen:

-   -   The Dimensional Editors tab lets you view and define Outage         Regions, Outage Modes, and AMI vendor's metering systems.     -   The System-wide Defaults tab lets you view and change         system-wide defaults for all OMM parameters, except for the         mode-level “Mode Determination Rules”, which can only be set and         viewed on the Configurations tab, as explained in the topics         below.     -   The Configurations tab lets you view and customize parameter         values at various levels (Outage Region, Outage Mode, and/or         Metering System), depending on the levels (dimensions) at which         each parameter can be set.

Following the topics that describe these screen tabs is a topic that describes each of the OMM Parameters.

Dimensional Editors Tab on Outage Configuration Screen

The Dimensional Editors tab on the Outage Configuration screen lets you view and define Outage Regions, Outage Modes, and AMI vendor's metering systems. (The parameter settings for Outage Regions, Outage Modes, and AMI vendor's metering systems can be viewed and defined on the Configurations tab on the Outage Configuration screen.)

Defining Regions

When the Regions radio button is selected on the Dimensional Editors tab on the Outage Configuration screen, the screen shown in FIG. 8 is displayed.

This screen lets you add or edit Outage Regions used in OMM. In addition, it lets you specify the current Outage Mode for an Outage Region if you are running in manual mode determination (as determined by the OMM IS_AUTOMATED_MODE_DETERMINATION_ENABLED parameter).

OMM is configured initially with just one Outage Region, called “SYSTEM_WIDE_DEFAULT”. This is the only Outage Region that is currently valid in MDMS 2.6.1, as explained below.

In order to use Outage Regions in OMM, the Electric Distribution System Network Equipment Synchronization process (Interface 50 a) or another DSE interface needs to be updated both by Ecologic Analytics and by the client utility to provide the Outage Region for all locations. This value will get populated in the OUTAGE_REGION_ID column in the LOCATION table. Until the OUTAGE_REGION_ID column is populated via a DSE interface, the Outage Synchronization Process (outage_sync.ksh) will set the Outage Region in the OMM tables to “SYSTEM_WIDE_DEFAULT”. When the Electric Distribution System Network Equipment Synchronization process (Interface 50 a) or other DSE interface is updated to provide Outage Region, then the client utility will use this screen to add Outage Regions.

To add an Outage Region, click on Add to display the Add Region window as illustrated in FIG. 9.

The grayed-out Current Mode that is initially displayed is merely the alphabetically first of your existing Outage Modes.

Type in a Region ID and a Region Description.

Then specify the desired Mode Determination.

-   -   If you select System Default, the setting for the         IS_AUTOMATED_MODE_DETERMINATION_ENABLED on the System-wide         Defaults tab under the Mode Determination category will be used.     -   If you select Automatic, this will set the         IS_AUTOMATED_MODE_DETERMINATION_ENABLED to “Y” as a custom         configuration on the Configurations tab under the Mode         Determination category for the Outage Region you are adding.     -   If you select Manual, then the Current Mode drop-down box is         enabled and you can manually select the current Outage Mode for         the Outage Region you are adding, as explained below.

Then click OK.

Manually Changing the Current Outage Mode

To manually change an Outage Mode, highlight the desired region (its Mode Determination should be Manual) and click on Edit to display the Edit Region window as illustrated in FIG. 10.

On the Edit Region window, select the desired Outage Mode from the Current Mode drop-down list. (The modes that appear on this drop-down list, with the exception of the “DEFAULT” mode, are defined by the client utility, as explained in the next topic.) See FIG. 11.

Then click OK to set the current Outage Mode for the selected region.

Defining Modes

When the Modes radio button is selected on the Dimensional Editors tab on the Outage Configuration screen, the screen shown in FIG. 12 is displayed.

This screen lets you add or edit Outage Modes used in OMM.

OMM is configured initially with just one Outage Mode, called “DEFAULT”. Once the client utility adds its desired Outage Modes, the DEFAULT Outage Mode should be deleted.

To add an Outage Mode, click on Add to display the Add Mode window as illustrated in FIG. 13.

Type in a Mode Name and a Mode Description. It's a good idea to include wording that indicates whether the mode is time-based or storm-based. (For a description of how these two types of outage modes are used, see the Automated Outage Mode Determination (AOMD) Process topic under OMM Components later in this guide.) Then click on OK.

Once you've created modes, you need to define mode determination rules (which specify whether a mode is time-based or storm-based, along with either a start time or storm threshold). These can be specified either at the mode level applicable across all regions, or at the region level. See the Specifying Mode Determination Rules topic under Specifying Mode Determination Rules under Configurations Tab on Outage Configuration Screen below for specifics on how to these values.

To edit or remove an existing mode, highlight the mode and click on Edit or Remove.

Defining Metering Systems

When the Metering Systems radio button is selected on the Dimensional Editors tab on the Outage Configuration screen, the screen shown in FIG. 14 is displayed.

This screen displays all of the external metering systems defined in the MR_PROVIDER table and lets you Outage-enable any metering system. (When you Outage-enable a meter, a row is created in the METERING_SYSTEMS table.) You can also Outage-disable a metering system (thereby removing the row in the METERING_SYSTEM table) as long as there are no dependent service points in the OUTAGE_SERVICE_POINT table. The AMI-enabled status is informational only and cannot be changed.

To change the Outage-enabled status for a metering system, highlight the metering system and click on Edit to display the Edit Metering System window as illustrated in FIG. 15.

The Outage-enabled checkbox is grayed out if the metering system is already Outage-enabled and has records in the OMM system. Check or uncheck the box as appropriate and click OK.

System-Wide Defaults Tab on Outage Configuration Screen

The System-wide Defaults tab on the Outage Configuration screen lets you view and change system-wide defaults for all OMM parameters. OMM is initially configured with default values for all parameters for these system-wide settings. (There is one exception: the “Mode Determination Rules” that specify whether an outage mode is storm-based or time-based, along with either a storm threshold or a start time; these system-wide defaults can be configured only by the client utility, as explained below.)

Some parameters can be set only at the system-level; these are noted with an “X” in the “System Level” column in the Descriptions of OMM Parameters topic later in this guide.

All system-level default values can be changed by the client utility. In addition, many parameters can also be customized by the client utility at the outage region, outage mode, and/or AMI vendor's metering system levels, as described in the Descriptions of OMM Parameters topic later in this guide as well as under the individual OMM component descriptions in the OMM Components topic later in this guide.

The parameters are grouped into eleven categories:

-   -   AMI OSN Processing     -   CLX/OSN     -   DEFAULT     -   Filtering     -   Mode Determination     -   Nested Outage Processing     -   OCDB     -   Outage Scoping & Restoration     -   OVE_RE Integration     -   Power Status Inferencing     -   Restoration Scout

The parameters for each of these categories are displayed on a separate screen, as shown in the topics below.

To change a system-wide default parameter value on any of these screens, type in the desired value or select the appropriate radio button and click Save.

Editing AMI OSN Processing Outage Parameters—System-Wide Defaults

When the AMI OSN Processing category is selected, the settings for several technical OMM parameters are displayed as illustrated in FIG. 16.

Editing CLX/OSN Outage Parameters—System-Wide Defaults

When the CLX/OSN category is selected, the settings for parameters used by the Outage Status Notification Adapter from CLX DDD are displayed as illustrated in FIG. 17.

Editing DEFAULT Outage Parameters—System-Wide Defaults

When the DEFAULT category is selected, the setting for the LOG_LEVEL parameter is displayed as illustrated in FIG. 18.

Editing Filtering Outage Parameters—System-Wide Defaults

When the Filtering category is selected, the settings for parameters that control how events are filtered during OMM processing as illustrated in FIG. 19.

Editing Mode Determination Outage Parameters—System-Wide Defaults

When the Mode Determination category is selected, the settings for parameters used by the Automated Outage Mode Determination (AOMD) process are displayed as shown in FIG. 20, including whether automated mode determination is enabled or not:

This system-level screen does not include the Mode Determination Rules option that appears on the version of this screen on the Configurations tab, as explained in the topic below.

Specifying Mode Determination Rules—System-Wide Defaults

There are other mode determination rules that specify whether an outage mode is storm-based or time-based, along with either a storm threshold or a start time. These are properties of a particular outage region and can only be configured on a system level by going to the Configurations tab, selecting the Mode Determination category, selecting Mode Determination Rules, customizing the mode for that region, and then using the Promote Rules To Defaults option to promote those rules to a system-wide default mode.

See the Specifying Mode Determination Rules topic under Specifying Mode Determination Rules under Configurations Tab on Outage Configuration Screen below for specifics on how to specify system-level values for these mode determination rules.

Editing Nested Outage Processing Outage Parameters—System-Wide Defaults

When the Nested Outage Processing category is selected, the settings for parameters used by the Nested Outage Detection (NOD) Process are displayed as shown in FIG. 21.

Editing OCDB Outage Parameters—System-Wide Defaults

When the OCDB category is selected, the settings for parameters used by the Outage Status Notification Adapter from the Cellnet OCDB are displayed as shown in FIG. 22.

Editing Outage Scoping & Restoration Outage Parameters—System-Wide Defaults

When the Outage Scoping and Restoration category is selected, the settings for various scoping and restoration parameters used by the External Scoping Requests

Processor, the First Level Scoping (FLS) Processor, the Anticipated Outage Create/Delete Processor (AOCDP), the Cellnet USC Power Status Check (PSC) Adapter/Restoration Verification Application (RVA) Adapter, the Restoration Verification Processor (RVP), and the Sustained Endpoint Outage Processor (SEOP) are displayed as shown in FIG. 23.

Editing OVE_RE Integration Outage Parameters—System-Wide Defaults

When the OVE_RE Integration category is selected, the settings for general enablement parameters are displayed as shown in FIG. 24. IS_OVE_RE_ENABLED is used by all OMM processes. IS_OMS_INTEGRATION_ENABLED is used by the Automated Outage Mode Determination (AOMD) Process, the Nested Outage Determination (NOD) Process, the OMS OSN Sender Process, the OMS OSN Receipt Process, the Restoration Notification Processor from Metering Systems, the Restoration Verification Processor (RVP), the Sustained Endpoint Outage Processor (SEOP), and the Populate Outage History Process. IS_VEE_OUTAGE_INTEGRATION_ENABLED is used by the Populate Outage History Process.

The IS_OVE_RE_ENABLED parameter is set to “Yes” and cannot be turned off.

Editing Power Status Inferencing Outage Parameters—System-Wide Defaults

When the Power Status Inferencing category is selected, the settings for parameters used by the Restoration Notification Processor from Metering Systems and the Sustained Endpoint Outage Processor (SEOP) are displayed as shown in FIG. 25.

Editing Restoration Scout Outage Parameters—System-Wide Defaults

When the Restoration Scout category is selected, the settings for parameters used by the Restoration Scout are displayed as shown in FIG. 26.

Configurations Tab on Outage Configuration Screen

As noted earlier, all OMM parameters have system-level default values. The Configurations tab on the Outage Configuration screen lets you view and customize these parameter values at various levels (Outage Region, Outage Mode, and/or Metering System), depending on the levels (dimensions) at which each parameter can be set (see the Descriptions of OMM Parameters topic later in this guide).

Parameters can also be configured so that they apply to a particular combination of Outage Region, Outage Mode, and/or Metering System, depending on the levels (dimensions) at which each parameter can be set. The configuration screens automatically handle the level or levels at which a parameter can be set, and it is possible to copy existing parameter sets, as explained in the Automatic Handling of Parameter Levels topic below.

The parameters are grouped into the same eleven categories used for system-wide defaults:

-   -   AMI OSN Processing     -   CLX/OSN     -   DEFAULT     -   Filtering     -   Mode Determination     -   Nested Outage Processing     -   OCDB     -   Outage Scoping & Restoration     -   OVE_RE Integration     -   Power Status Inferencing     -   Restoration Scout

The parameters for each of these categories are displayed on a separate screen, as shown in the topics below.

In addition, there are mode determination rules that specify whether an outage mode is storm-based or time-based, along with either a storm threshold or a start time. These are properties of each outage region that a client utility sets up, and are set via the

Mode Determination Rules option on the Outage Configuration screen for the Mode Determination category. This configuration is included in the topics that follow.

To change a parameter value on any of these screens, type in the desired value or select the appropriate radio button and click Save.

Automatic Handling of Parameter Levels

The topics below contain examples of how the level or levels at which each parameter can be set are handled automatically, as well as how to copy parameter sets:

-   -   Metering System Level-Only Parameter Example     -   Region Level-Only Parameter Example     -   Multiple-Level Parameter Example     -   Copying Parameter Sets

Metering System Level-Only Parameter Example

For example, the HONOR_BOOT_COUNT_OVER_EVENT_TIME parameter is one of a handful of parameters that can be set only at the metering system level.

Because this parameter can be set only at the metering system level, all of the customization options on the right side of the screen are grayed out when Configure: Regions is selected, as shown in FIG. 27; only the system-level default value is shown, and it is grayed out because it cannot be changed here.

Because this parameter can be set only at the metering system level, all of the customization options on the right side of the screen are also grayed out when Configure: Modes is selected, as shown in FIG. 28.

Because this parameter is configurable at the metering system level, the New option is not grayed out when Configure: Metering Systems is selected. See FIG. 29.

If you click on New, the first row under “Customizations” is highlighted, and the radio buttons for Value are now enabled, as shown in FIG. 30.

To set this parameter, select the desired value (as noted above, this parameter can only be set at the metering system level, so the Region and Mode drop-downs are disabled) and click Save to save the desired setting. Once you save a setting, it is displayed under “Customizations”, as shown in FIG. 31.

To delete a setting, select the row for the setting you wish to delete under “Customizations” and click on Delete, as shown in FIG. 32.

Region Level-Only Parameter Example

The IS_AUTOMATED_MODE_DETERMINATION_ENABLED parameter can be set only on the region level, so editing is enabled when Configure:Regions is selected, but the Mode and Metering System drop-downs are disabled, as shown in FIG. 33.

When New is selected, Mode and Metering System are still grayed out. See FIG. 34.

Multiple-Level Parameter Example

The ENDPOINT_THRESHOLD_ABSOLUTE parameter is an example of a parameter that can be set at the Outage Region, Outage Mode, or Metering System level, or combinations of those levels. When New is selected for this parameter, Mode and Metering System are both enabled, as shown in FIG. 35.

The word “<Default>” is displayed initially for Mode and Metering System. If you wish to set this parameter at the region level only, do not change these “<Default>” settings, type in the desired value, and click on Save.

If you wish to set this parameter for a region-mode combination, click on the Mode drop-down and select the desired mode, as shown in FIG. 36.

If you wish to set this parameter for a region-mode-metering system combination, click on the Metering System drop-down and select the desired metering system, as shown in FIG. 37.

You can also set this parameter for a region-metering system combination by leaving Mode unselected, as shown in FIG. 38.

You can also set this parameter for a mode-metering system combination by selecting Configure:Modes, selecting the desired mode, and leaving Region unselected, as shown in FIG. 39.

Copying Parameter Sets

Once you have set up parameters for an Outage Region, Outage Mode, or Metering System, you can copy those settings to another region, mode or metering system. To do so, select the region, mode, or metering system for which you want to set parameters, select the region, mode, or metering system from which you want to copy in the Copy From drop-down (it automatically displays regions, modes, or metering systems, as appropriate), and click on Copy, as shown in FIG. 40.

Editing AMI OSN Processing Outage Parameters

When the AMI OSN Processing category is selected, the settings for several technical OMM parameters are as shown in FIG. 41.

Editing CLX/OSN Outage Parameters

When the CLX/OSN category is selected, the settings for parameters used by the Outage Status Notification Adapter from CLX DDD are displayed as shown in FIG. 42.

Editing DEFAULT Outage Parameters

When the DEFAULT category is selected, the setting for the LOG_LEVEL parameter is displayed as shown in FIG. 43.

Editing Filtering Outage Parameters

When the Filtering category is selected, the settings for parameters that control how events are filtered are as shown in FIG. 44.

Editing Mode Determination Outage Parameters

When the Mode Determination category is selected, the settings for parameters used by the Automated Outage Mode Determination (AOMD) process are displayed, including whether automated mode determination is enabled or not. See FIG. 45.

The first three Mode Determination parameters are grayed out on this screen because they can only be set as system-level values on the System-wide Defaults tab.

The Mode Determination Rules option (described below) lets you specify whether an outage mode is storm-based or time-based, and specify either a storm threshold or a start time, as described in the next topic.

Specifying Mode Determination Rules

When you select Mode Determination Rules for the Mode Determination category (this option is displayed only if Configure: Regions is selected at the top of the screen), a special screen is displayed for entering mode determination rules. See FIG. 46.

For each Outage Region, you can specify either:

-   -   “Use mode defaults”—This is the default setting. If you use this         setting, you must set up the default modes, as described below.         If you use this setting but fail to set up default modes (again,         as described below), OMM will be unable to determine a current         outage mode for the specified region.     -   “Customize region”—You must specify which Outage Modes are used         for the selected region as described below. This includes         specifying whether a mode is storm-based or time-based, as well         as the setting to use for the storm threshold         (STORM_MODE_THRESHOLD) or start time (MODE_WINDOW_START_TIME).

Setting System-Wide Mode Determination Rules

If you want to use system-wide default values for mode determination, the easiest way to do so is to select the SYSTEM_WIDE_DEFAULT region. You can, however, use another region, to perform this process.

Then select “Customize region”.

Then perform the following steps for each of the modes for which you want to set system-wide defaults. For example, if you are going to use three storm-based modes (Small Storm Mode, Medium Storm Outage Mode, and Large Storm Outage Mode) and two time-based outage modes (Day Outage Mode and Night Outage), then you need to repeat these steps for each of those outage modes.

-   -   Highlight an Outage Mode you wish to use for the specified         region.     -   Select Determination Type (Storm-based or Time-based) from the         drop-down box.         -   If Storm-based is selected, type in the desired percentage             Threshold. (This sets the STORM_MODE_THRESHOLD parameter.)             See FIG. 47.         -   If Time-based is selected, type in the desired Start Time.             (This sets the MODE_WINDOW_START_TIME parameter.) (You can             select start times by half-days, quarter-days, hours, 15             minutes, or 5 minutes.) See FIG. 48.         -   (The end time will automatically end right before the             starting time of the next time-based outage mode. For             example, if you specify a Day Outage Mode with a start time             of 06:00 and a Night Outage Mode with a start time of 18:00,             the Day Outage Mode will cover 06:00:00 through 17:59:59 and             the Night Outage Mode will cover 18:00:00 through 05:59:59.)     -   Click on Promote Rules To Defaults. This will display the         Confirm window shown in FIG. 49.     -   You should make sure that the settings you just entered for the         Outage Mode you selected are ones you want to use for all         regions where “Use mode defaults” is selected. Once you promote         these settings, they cannot be deleted, though they can be         replaced by performing the steps described above to create and         promote new settings.     -   Click on Yes. The settings you just entered will be displayed on         the right side of the screen.

If you wish to use mode defaults only, then select “Use mode defaults” after you have promoted all of your mode settings. When you do so, the following Confirm window will display. See FIG. 50.

Click Yes to set the SYSTEM_WIDE_DEFAULT region (or any other region you used for this default promotion effort) to use the default settings you just promoted.

Setting Region-Level Mode Determination Rules

If you want to specify unique Outage Modes for each of your Outage Regions, select a region and then select “Customize region”.

Then perform the following steps for each of the outage modes you want to use for the selected region. For example, if you are going to use three storm-based modes (Small Storm Mode, Medium Storm Outage Mode, and Large Storm Outage Mode) and two time-based outage modes (Day Outage Mode and Night Outage), then you need to repeat these steps for each of those outage modes.

-   -   Highlight an Outage Mode you wish to use for the specified         region.     -   Select Determination Type (Storm-based or Time-based) from the         drop-down box.         -   If Storm-based is selected, type in the desired percentage             Threshold. (This sets the STORM_MODE_THRESHOLD parameter.)             See FIG. 51.         -   If Time-based is selected, type in the desired Start Time.             (This sets the MODE_WINDOW_START_TIME parameter.) (You can             select start times by half-days, quarter-days, hours, 15             minutes, or 5 minutes.) See FIG. 52.         -   (The end time will automatically end right before the             starting time of the next time-based outage mode. For             example, if you specify a Day Outage Mode with a start time             of 06:00 and a Night Outage Mode with a start time of 18:00,             the Day Outage Mode will cover 06:00:00 through 17:59:59 and             the Night Outage Mode will cover 18:00:00 through 05:59:59.)     -   Click on Save. The settings you just entered will be displayed         on the right side of the screen.

Editing Nested Outage Processing Outage Parameters

When the Nested Outage Processing category is selected, the settings for parameters used by the Nested Outage Detection (NOD) Process are displayed as shown in FIG. 53.

Editing OCDB Outage Parameters

When the OCDB category is selected, the settings for parameters used by the Outage Status Notification Adapter from the Cellnet OCDB are displayed as shown in FIG. 54.

Editing Outage Scoping & Restoration Outage Parameters

When the Outage Scoping and Restoration category is selected, the settings for various scoping and restoration parameters used by the External Scoping Requests Processor, First Level Scoping (FLS) Processor, the Anticipated Outage Create/Delete Processor (AOCDP), the Cellnet USC Power Status Check (PSC) Adapter/Restoration Verification Application (RVA) Adapter, the Restoration Verification Processor (RVP), and the Sustained Endpoint Outage Processor (SEOP) are displayed as shown in FIG. 55.

Editing OVE_RE Integration Outage Parameters

When the OVE_RE Integration category is selected, the settings for general enablement parameters are displayed. IS_OVE_RE_ENABLED is used by all OMM processes. IS_OMS_INTEGRATION_ENABLED is used by the Automated Outage Mode Determination (AOMD) Process, the Nested Outage Determination (NOD) Process, the OMS OSN Sender Process, the OMS OSN Receipt Process, the Restoration Notification Processor from Metering Systems, the Restoration Verification Processor (RVP), the Sustained Endpoint Outage Processor (SEOP), and the Populate Outage History Process. IS_VEE_OUTAGE_INTEGRATION_ENABLED is used by the Populate Outage History Process. See FIG. 56.

Editing Power Status Inferencing Outage Parameters

When the Power Status Inferencing category is selected, the settings for parameters used by the Restoration Notification Processor from Metering Systems and the Sustained Endpoint Outage Processor (SEOP) are displayed as shown in FIG. 57.

Editing Restoration Scout Outage Parameters

When the Restoration Scout category is selected, the settings for parameters used by the Restoration Scout are displayed as shown in FIG. 58.

CONCLUSION

The embodiments described above are intended only to illustrate and teach one or more ways of practicing or implementing the present invention, not to restrict its breadth or scope.

The actual scope of the invention, which embraces all ways of practicing or implementing the teachings of the invention, is defined only by the following claims and their equivalents. 

1-14. (canceled)
 15. A system for handling data from electrical usage meters comprising: a computer processor configured for receiving and storing messages for electrical usage meters, the messages including energization status messages; a computer processor configured for determining whether one or more of the energization status messages are associated with a known outage condition within an outage management system; and a computer processor configured for transmitting outage condition data based on one or more of the energization status messages to the outage management system, wherein the transmitted outage condition data excludes data based on the energization status messages determined to be associated with the known outage condition.
 16. The system of claim 15, comprising a computer processor configured for determining whether one or more of the energization status messages for the electrical usage meters are indicative of a distribution transformer outage; and wherein the computer processor configured for transmitting outage condition data based on one or more of the energization status messages transmits outage condition data identifying a distribution transformer associated with the energization status.
 17. The system of claim 15, comprising a computer processor configured for determining whether one or more of the energization status messages for the electrical usage meters are indicative of a distribution transformer outage; and wherein the computer processor configured for transmitting outage condition data based on one or more of the energization status messages transmits energization status messages for a number of the usage meters that is less than the total number of the usage meters associated with the distribution transformer.
 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the number of the usage meters that is less than the total number of the usage meters is equal to a minimum number of usage meters required by the outage management system to infer deenergized status of the distribution transformer.
 19. The system of claim 15, wherein the computer processor configured for receiving and storing messages for electrical usage meters receives and stores powered-up messages indicative of powered up electrical usage meters, and the system further includes a computer processor configured for receiving restoration verification requests from the outage management system, and a computer processor configured for responding to the received restoration verification based on one or more of the stored powered-up messages, wherein the stored powered-up messages are stored prior to receipt of the restoration verification request.
 20. The system of claim 15, wherein the transmitted outage condition data excludes data based on the energization status messages determined to be associated with one or more anticipated outage conditions.
 21. The system of claim 20, wherein the one or more anticipated outage conditions includes a condition based on prior utility scheduled electrical outage.
 22. The system of claim 15, comprising a computer processor configured for inferring deenergized status of one or more of the meters based on data indicative of a power up or power down status of a network communications device associated with the one of the meters.
 23. The system of claim 15, comprising a graphical user interface for interacting with energization status information regarding the usage meters, wherein the interface displays a first energization status derived from stored energization status messages for a first one of the meters and second energization status reported by the outage management system.
 24. The system of claim 23, wherein the first energization status is associated with a control feature which can be selected to invoke display of an energization event history associated with the first one of the meters.
 25. A system comprising: a computer processor configured for optimizing interactions between advanced metering systems and utility back-office systems by filtering data from advanced metering systems prior to transmitting the data to the utility back-office systems in order to improve a utility's ability to detect, analyze, and respond to outage events, thereby minimizing duration and customer impact of the outage events.
 26. The system of claim 25, wherein the utility back-office systems comprise one or more outage management systems.
 27. The system of claim 25, further comprising a computer processor configured for receiving data from other utility systems, the data relating to a population of advanced metering devices and communication network devices, and relationships of the advanced metering devices and communication network devices to other entities within an electrical distribution network and communications network.
 28. The system of claim 27, wherein the data received from the other utility systems comprise one or more of a metering device or communication network device identifier, a metering device or communication network device type, an advanced metering communication technology used by the metering device or communication network device, an identifier of an electrical service point served by the metering device, an identifier of an electrical network distribution transformer which provides electrical power to one or more of the metering device and communications network device, an identifier of a nearest electrical network upstream protective device for each service point, an identifier of an electrical network feeder that normally provides power to each service point, an identifier of an electrical network substation that provides power to the service point, an identifier of an electrical phase designation for the service point, and an identifier of a geographical region to which the other utility system has assigned the service point.
 29. The system of claim 25, further comprising a computer processor configured for receiving and storing information content of an unsolicited event message from advanced metering equipment, said equipment comprising one or more of a metering device and a communication network device; wherein the event message comprises one or more of a power down or last gasp message from the metering device or the communication network device, a power up message from the metering device or the communication network device, a communication down message from the communication network device, and a communication up message from the communication network device.
 30. The system of claim 29, wherein the unsolicited event message comprises a date and time of the event.
 31. The system of claim 25, further comprising a computer processor configured for interrogating the advanced metering systems to determine a current energization status of one or more metering devices or communication network devices.
 32. The system of claim 25, further comprising a computer processor configured for receiving and storing information content of an unsolicited event message from an outage management system or other utility back-office system, the unsolicited event message relating to the outage management system or other back-office system and further relating to an energization status of a service point or electrical network distribution transformer; wherein the event message comprises one or more of a power down message and a power up message.
 33. The system of claim 32, wherein the unsolicited event message comprises a date and time of an event.
 34. The system of claim 32, further comprising a computer processor configured for providing an energization state to a plurality of service points served by the distribution transformer when an identified device is a distribution transformer.
 35. The system of claim 25, further comprising a computer processor configured for receiving and storing content of a message from another utility system relating to an anticipated outage, wherein an anticipated outage comprises one or more of a true electrical outage associated with planned utility switching operations or a condition that causes metering or communication network devices to generate power down indications.
 36. The system of claim 25, further comprising a computer processor configured for receiving and acting upon a message from an outage management system or the utility back-office systems, the message requesting an interrogation of one or more individual metering devices or communication network devices to determine a current energization status of particular metering devices or communication network devices.
 37. The system of claim 36, further comprising a computer processor configured for receiving a request from the outage management system or the utility back-office system to interrogate an energization status of one or more metering devices served by an electrical network distribution transformer; wherein when the request identifies a distribution transformer, the computer processor is configured for determining an appropriate set of metering devices to interrogate.
 38. The system of claim 25, further comprising a computer processor configured for receiving and acting upon a message from an outage management system or the utility back-office systems, the message requesting verification of restoration of power to one or more metering devices or communication network devices; wherein the computer processor is configured for performing a verification and a return to the outage management system or the back-office systems of one or more of an energized status, a de-energized status, or an indeterminate status for each metering device or communication network device.
 39. The system of claim 25, further comprising an interface to an outage management system or the back-office systems, wherein the interface is independent of an advanced metering technology used by one or more of a metering device and a communication network device, thereby eliminating a need for the outage management system or the utility back office system to have logic or functionality specific to any specific metering or communication technology.
 40. The system of claim 25, further comprising a computer processor for processing incoming and outgoing messages containing one or more of a metering device ID or a service point ID; wherein when both a metering device ID and a service point ID are provided, the computer processor uses its existing knowledge of a metering device to service point association to validate the association; and wherein when only one of the metering device ID or the service ID is provided, the computer processor is configured to use its existing knowledge of the metering device to service point association to determine the metering device ID or service point ID.
 41. The system of claim 25, further comprising a computer processor configured for separately tracking current energization status of metering devices, wherein the tracking is based upon information received from advanced metering devices and communication network devices and based upon energization status as is believed to exist by the outage management system.
 42. The system of claim 25, further comprising a computer processor configured for one or more of discriminating between messages that represent events of current interest and those that may be invalid or stale, analyzing data from incoming event messages and interrogations to determine a current energization status of individual metering devices or communication network devices, analyzing incoming event data to determine current communication status of individual communication network devices, analyzing incoming event data from advanced metering systems to filter out from further processing outages that are of a momentary nature, analyzing the incoming event data from advanced metering systems to filter out from further processing power-down events associated with previously defined anticipated outages, analyzing data from incoming event messages and interrogations of advanced metering systems to determine an energization status of a distribution transformer associated with each incoming event, interrogating the advanced metering devices associated with a given distribution transformer to confirm whether the received incoming messages are indicative of a transformer-level outage as opposed to a service point-level outage, analyzing data obtained from incoming event messages or interrogation of advanced metering devices to determine or infer a current energization status of devices for which incoming event messages may not have been received, analyzing data to perform additional filtering and to determine an optimal set of messages to send to an outage management system or the utility back-office systems to inform the system of outage events, sending an optimal set of messages to the outage management system or the utility back-office systems, receiving and responding to requests from an outage management system to interrogate the current energization status of one or more metering devices, service points, or transformers, receiving requests from outage management systems for verification of power restoration to metering devices or service points, responding to requests for verification of power restoration by interrogating the advanced metering system to confirm power restoration when the restoration cannot be verified using data obtained from previously received unsolicited event messages, performing autonomous searches for service points that have had power restored but for which an unsolicited power-up event message was not received via an interrogation of the advanced metering system to determine current energization status on a schedule that is configurable, ascertaining that a service point has had power restored by receiving a meter reading from the metering device associated with the service point, communicating the existence of outage conditions to other functions within a meter data management application to ensure that any electrical energy usage that is estimated by the system takes into account known outage events in order to avoid overestimation, and notifying an outage management system or the utility back-office systems of the potential for sustained nested outages to exist following the restoration of power by automated protective devices in a momentary outage scenario which is not otherwise made known to the outage management system or the utility back-office system.
 43. The system of claim 42, wherein an optimal set of messages is limited to a minimum set of information that allows the outage management system or the utility back-office system to determine an extent of any outage, and wherein the optimal set of messages does not contain information that is consistent with outage status already believed to exist by the outage management system or the back-office systems, does not contain information that is associated with anticipated outages, and does not contain information that is associated with momentary outages.
 44. The system of claim 25, further comprising a graphical user interface for initially configuring or dynamically altering behavior of the system by setting or changing configuration parameters, viewing a summary of outage conditions in a service territory of the utility, such summary showing both outage conditions as determined using data from advanced metering systems and outage conditions believed to exist by the outage management system or the utility back-office systems, drilling down on outage conditions to determine a current energization status of individual metering and communication network devices, drilling down on outage conditions to determine the current communication status of individual communication network devices, drilling down on metering and network communication devices to determine the current energization status history of individual metering and communication network devices, drilling down on communication network devices to determine current communication status history of the individual communication network devices, searching based on metering device ID or service point ID to interrogate current energization status or energization status history of metering and communication network devices, and searching based on device ID to interrogate current communication status or communication status history of communication network devices.
 45. The system of claim 25, further comprising a computer processor configured for customizing a behavior of the system through use of configuration parameters that can be set individually for various permutations of advanced metering technology, geographical outage region, and extent of outage activity; wherein such configurability allows the behavior of the system to be tuned for the specific performance characteristics of different advanced metering technologies under a wide variety of different outage conditions in a service territory; and wherein configuration parameters can be altered on-the-fly without interrupting the function of the system, thereby allowing for real-time adaptation to any unusual or unexpected outage conditions in the service territory or an enterprise application ecosystem of the utility.
 46. The system of claim 25, comprising a computer processor configured for limiting messaging load between the system and one or more advanced metering systems in order to protect the advanced metering system or its communication network from the messaging overload that could cause failure or unacceptable performance degradation of the advanced metering system or its communication network.
 47. The system of claim 46, further comprising a computer processor configured for providing a configurable delay interval that, upon receipt of a power down message from a metering device or communication network device, awaits arrival of unsolicited event messages from other devices served by a given transformer before interrogating the advanced metering system to determine energization status of the other devices served by the transformer.
 48. The system of claim 46, further comprising a computer processor configured for responding to a restoration verification request from an outage management system or the back-office systems by first analyzing unsolicited power up messages received from the advanced metering system before attempting to interrogate the advanced metering system, thereby reducing messaging load on the advanced metering system by avoiding interrogations that are not needed to perform the requested restoration verification.
 49. The system of claim 46, further comprising one or more configurable parameters to disable or limit the interrogations performed of the advanced metering system; wherein one or more resulting configurations tailor the interrogation activity to an appropriate level based upon various permutations of advanced metering technology, an outage extent, and a geographic outage region.
 50. A method comprising: optimizing messaging interactions via a filtering of messages between advanced metering systems and outage management systems or other utility back-office systems; and maximizing an efficacy of the outage management systems or other utility back-office systems while protecting the outage management systems or other utility back-office systems from a messaging overload that could cause failure or unacceptable performance degradation of the outage management systems or other back-office system.
 51. The method of claim 50, further comprising providing configurable business logic to determine, without the involvement of or interaction with the outage management system or other utility back-office system, whether outages detected by the advanced metering systems represent transformer-level outages or service point level outages; and when transformer level outages can be determined to exist, minimizing messaging load to the outage management system or other back office system by sending only enough data to allow the outage management system or other back office system to reach its own inference concerning an energization status of a transformer and a population of service points served by the transformer.
 52. The method of claim 50, further comprising determining an existence of transformer-level outages by any of several configurable approaches, comprising one or more of receiving unsolicited power-out messages for a configurable number, percentage, or combination of number and percentage of devices served by a given transformer, receiving a configurable number of unsolicited simultaneous power-down messages across multiple transformers that are served by a single nearest protective device, wherein the time window for considering events to be simultaneous is configurable, and determining energization status of a transformer by interrogating energization status of one or more service points served by the transformer, and using the information obtained from the interrogation either alone or in combination with unsolicited event messages to determine transformer status.
 53. The method of claim 50, further comprising providing configurable business logic to prevent one or more of the following data from being sent to the outage management system—data that is stale, either because it was delayed in delivery or because it was received in an order different from the order in which it was created or sent, data associated with anticipated outages, data that provides no new incremental information over data previously sent to the outage management system or the utility back-office system, and data that is consistent with the energization status already believed to exist by the outage management system or other utility back-office system, as previously reported by the outage management system or other utility back-office system.
 54. The system of claim 50, wherein the computer processor is configured to execute the filtering by: collecting data from advanced metering systems that have been reenergized; and generating a verification report based on data that the computer processor has, and not based the computer processor querying the advance meter systems to verify reenergization.
 55. A non transient computer-readable medium carrying a data structure for facilitating management of electrical power outages, the data structure comprising: a first data field identifying an electrical usage meter; a second data field logically associated with the first data field providing an indication of an energization status of the electrical usage meter based on meter data; and a third data field logically associated with the first data field and providing an indication of the energization status of the electrical usage meter stored in an outage management system. 